Programming Tutorials

  Few things break a developer's flow faster than a cryptic environment error. You are building a feature that relies on an external API—perhaps a payment gateway like Stripe or a simple fetch request to GitHub. You write the code, run it locally, and are immediately blocked by this error message: cURL error 60: SSL certificate problem: unable to get local issuer certificate If you are using XAMPP or WAMP on Windows, this is a rite of passage. While the quick search result often suggests disabling SSL verification in your code,  do not do this.  That exposes your application to Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks. This guide provides the industry-standard solution to fix the root cause in your  php.ini  configuration, ensuring your local environment is as secure as production. The Root Cause: The Missing Chain of Trust To understand the fix, you must understand the failure. When your PHP application makes a request to  https://api.example.com  using cURL,...