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Debugging 'FAILED_PRECONDITION' Errors When Connecting LangChain to Vertex AI Llama Models

  You have successfully authenticated your Google Cloud credentials. Your Python environment is configured with the latest   langchain-google-vertexai   package. You run your script to invoke Llama 3 on Vertex AI, expecting a coherent text response, but instead, the terminal explodes with a   400 FAILED_PRECONDITION   error. This is the single most common blocking issue for enterprise engineers migrating from OpenAI to Vertex AI’s Model Garden. While the error message is vague, the root cause is almost always deterministic: a mismatch between the  Model-as-a-Service (MaaS)  availability and your client configuration. This guide provides the technical root cause analysis and the immediate code fixes required to stabilize your Llama 3 integration in production environments. The Root Cause: Region Affinity and Model Modality To fix the error, you must understand how Google exposes Llama 3 compared to native models like Gemini. When you use Gemini (e.g.,...