Few errors in the React ecosystem induce as much frustration as the dreaded hydration mismatch: Error: Hydration failed because the initial UI does not match what was rendered on the server. Warning: Expected server HTML to contain a matching <div> in <p>. This error signals a fundamental disagreement between the HTML Next.js generated on the server and the Virtual DOM React attempted to construct on the client. It forces React to discard the server-rendered markup and regenerate the UI from scratch, causing layout shifts and effectively negating the performance benefits of SSR (Server-Side Rendering). The Root Cause: How Hydration Works To understand the fix, you must understand the mechanism. Server Phase: Next.js renders your component tree into an HTML string. This snapshot implies a specific state at time $T=0$. Transport: The HTML is sent to the browser and painted immediately (First Contentful Paint). Client Phase (Hydration): React loa...
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