You have likely encountered this error while refactoring an application to the Next.js App Router or attempting to pass an event handler from a parent Server Component to a child Client Component: Error: Functions cannot be passed directly to Client Components unless they are explicitly exposed by "use server". This error acts as a hard stop during development. It highlights a fundamental misunderstanding of the network boundary introduced by React Server Components (RSC). The Root Cause: The Serialization Boundary To understand why this fails, you must understand how Next.js renders your application. Server-Side Rendering: React renders the Server Components into a special format called the RSC Payload . This is a JSON-like tree representing your UI. Network Transmission: This payload is streamed to the browser. Hydration/Reconciliation: The browser parses the payload and reconciles it with the DOM and Client Components. Because the data flows over ...
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