Programming Tutorials

  Standard Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) tools are notoriously bad at detecting Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR). Tools like OWASP ZAP or Arachni typically operate on a fuzzing basis—they throw garbage data at inputs and look for crashes or 500 errors. They fail at IDORs because an IDOR is not a syntactic error; it is a logic error. If User A requests User B’s invoice and the server returns a 200 OK with the invoice data, a generic scanner interprets this as a successful, valid request. It lacks the context to know that User A  should not  have access to that data. Reliance on manual testing (Burp Suite Repeater) for these checks introduces a bottleneck. As you move towards continuous deployment, you need a way to codify "User A accessing User B data" into a regression test that runs on every commit. The Root Cause: Context-Blind Authorization Under the hood, most web frameworks separate  Authentication  (Who are you?) from  Authorizat...

  The Reality of Client-Side Storage It is 2025, and we still see Senior Developers storing Access Tokens in  localStorage . Let’s be unequivocal:  localStorage  is not a secure vault.  It is a global key-value store accessible by any JavaScript executing on your origin. If your application has a single XSS vulnerability—whether through a compromised npm package, a rogue third-party analytics script, or improper input sanitization—your user's entire identity is compromised. The attacker simply reads  localStorage.getItem('accessToken')  and sends it to their server. However, the alternative—standard HttpOnly cookies—introduces friction for mobile applications (which prefer Authorization headers) and requires strict CSRF mitigation strategies. The architectural compromise that satisfies strict security requirements while remaining platform-agnostic is  Refresh Token Rotation (RTR) with Reuse Detection , backed by Redis. The Root Cause: Why Stateles...